{"id":1701,"date":"2023-06-09T22:20:51","date_gmt":"2023-06-09T15:20:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/?p=1701"},"modified":"2023-10-05T09:34:29","modified_gmt":"2023-10-05T02:34:29","slug":"quyen-con-nguoi-va-quyen-cua-phu-nu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/quyen-con-nguoi-va-quyen-cua-phu-nu\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy\u1ec1n Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee5 N\u1eef"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Do\u00e3n Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Hoa Sen v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1ed3ng Qu\u00e2n \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc M\u1edf TPHCM<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\" — Ngu\u1ed3n: www.openglobalrights.org<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/strong>Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edf c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung trao \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i [8,9].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u00ecn chung, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khao kh\u00e1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt C\u1ed5 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean [2,4,7]. Tuy nhi\u00ean,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ebft gia trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17-18 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Friedrich Hegel; John Stuart Mill \u2026 . \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00ecn chung, nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng: Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu. Do \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hay \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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V\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Hai Lu\u1eadn Thuy\u1ebft V\u1ec1 Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1690, John Locke \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u 1 c\u1ee7a Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (UDHR) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1948 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1ef1 do, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. T\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 do quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef. S\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng an ninh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7, quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi [9].
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\u0110i\u1ec1u 1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1948 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n. H\u1ecd\u2026c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nhau trong t\u00ecnh b\u00e1c \u00e1i\u201d<\/strong> [9].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng: **L\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n**
**Th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n**
Th\u1ee9 3, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng 3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean t\u00ednh quy ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a,\u2026th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.
Ngo\u00e0i ra, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c
ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u00a0gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang l\u00e0m trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19. Ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n [9].
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c (LHQ) quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi?
Do quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh linh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 LHQ quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i bao qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a,\u2026c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 12 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m bao g\u1ed3m [9]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m tra t\u1ea5n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 2 l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ngh\u00e8o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 4 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 5 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 6 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 7 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 8 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 9 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 10 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u0169 trang<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 11 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 12 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn, trong 12 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed, v.v, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i \u1edf trong nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u0103m 1979 (CEDAW). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf 4 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc CEDAW \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 11 quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia [1,3,5,6], bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c
Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
Th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c\u00a0
Th\u1ee9 4 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a
Th\u1ee9 5 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 con v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con
Th\u1ee9 6 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9
Th\u1ee9 7 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 nhau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u00a0 v\u00e0\u00a0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f9 lao nh\u01b0 nhau tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u00a0
Th\u1ee9 8 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf
Th\u1ee9 9 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, \u1ee9ng c\u1eed v\u00e0 tham gia nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc
Th\u1ee9 10 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf
Th\u1ee9 11 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp, thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQuy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d. Theo \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia.
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Th\u1eadt ra, quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n. B\u1edfi, khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef, quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u00e0: Mary Wollstonecraft v\u00e0 John Stuart Mill \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1792 l\u00e0 T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, Bi\u1ec7n minh cho quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Wollstonecraft \u0111\u01b0a ra hai l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00ec l\u00fd do gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai, Wollstonecraft cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 John Stuart Mill. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: S\u1ef1 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1869.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mill cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n hay t\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.
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Trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n \u1ea5y, Mill ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 hai quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Do\u00e3n Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Hoa Sen v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1ed3ng Qu\u00e2n \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc M\u1edf TPHCM Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":602,"featured_media":1702,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,21,15],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1701"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/602"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1701"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1701\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1720,"href":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1701\/revisions\/1720"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pertoo.com\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}